Industry Evolution in Developing Countries: the Indonesian Pulp and Paper Industry

Industry, evolution, developing countries, Indonesia, industry

Antitrust and the competitive structure of the U.S. pulp and paper industry, 1950-1990

National antitrust policies have potentially profound effects on global competitiveness of individual industries. Public policy interventions affecting organizational arrangements within industries, enforcement of commodity standardization, and price competition, as well as the regulation of intellectual property rights, are the major tools by which Government executes antitrust policies. This study documents the frequency, extent, and impact of U.S. antitrust policies toward the pulp and paper industry between 1950 and 1990. Passage of the Celler-Kefauver Antimerger Act in 1950 marked the beginning of a new antitrust experience across the whole U.S. economy. Yet, the application of the Act required government to forge industry specific standards of competitive structure. The antitrust experience of the pulp and paper industry, and its distinct segments, was particularly industry specific when it came to the enforcement of Celler-Kefauver Act and its consequences. Between 1950 and 1990, antitrust disadvantaged pulp and paper firms whose competitive strategy was based on regional or product specialization. As in other industries, antitrust appeared to encourage successful and growth-seeking paper firms to diversify into new areas of business. Unlike in other industries, successful pulp and paper firms relatively rarely undertook so-called conglomerate mergers, and preferred to diversify and expand into other segments of the forests products industry. In the context of pulp and paper industry, new incentive structures that emanated from antitrust facilitated the rise of large scale forests products giants that resembled each other in terms of strategy and structure. Antitrust between 1950 and 1990 shaped significantly the competitive structure of the U.S. pulp and paper industry, and probably transformed traditional arrangements for technological learning and the course of technological innovation. Industry’s recent performance and contemporary global competitiveness outlook cannot be understood without reference to its post-World War II antitrust experience.pulp and paper industry; antitrust; regulation; political economy; innovation; United States; Competitive structure; industrial organization; celler-kefauer act

Smart enterprise for pulp & paper mills: Data processing and reconciliation

An ad-hoc data reconciliation procedure developed for the recausticizing section of a new pulp and paper industry is presented in this work. A comprehensive model was formulated to take into account different unit operation modes. It was also extended to incorporate specific knowledge of some pieces of equipment to increase redundancy, and consequently enhance estimate precision and gross error detectability. © 2002 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fil: Sanchez, Mabel Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Leung David. Visy Pulp And Paper Pty Ltd; AustraliaFil: Konecsny Helmut. Visy Pulp And Paper Pty Ltd; AustraliaFil: Bigaran Carlo. Visy Pulp And Paper Pty Ltd; AustraliaFil: Romagnoli José. University Of Sydney; Australi

Emerging Pulp and Paper Industry in Thailand

Tulisan ini menggarisbawahi diskusi singkat mengenai reformasi ekonomi pada tahun 1970-an hingga 1990-an yang mengubah hubungan ekonomi luar negeri Thailand melalui implementasi strategi ekonomi yang membuka kesempatan bagi para investor untuk menanamkan modalnya. Upaya ini memengaruhi peningkatan Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) yang merupakan hasil kerjasama antar investor domestik, bahkan ada perusahaan seratus persen kepemilikan dimiliki oleh perusahaan asing. Implikasi dari reformasi ekonomi ini menunjukkan suatu yang positif. Para investor menanamkan modalnya dalam berbagai sektor, seperti minyak, pertambangan, petrokimia, otomotif, perbankan, infrastruktur perumahan, industri perhutanan, dan sebagainya. Tulisan ini berfokus pada pulp dan industri kertas. Pada dua dekade terakhir (1980-an sampai 2000-an), terlihat peningkatan jumlah pulp dan industri kertas di Thailand. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menelaah kebijakan pemerintah Thailand terhadap perkembangan ekonomi, implikasi dari kebijakan pulp dan industri kertas, dengan mengambil dua perusahaan pulp dan industri kertas, yaitu Advance Agro dan Siam Cement Groups sebagai contoh kasus bagaimana mereka mengelola industri tersebut, masalah kepemimpinan di dalamnya, dan bagaimana mereka merevitalisasi perusahaan agar terus berkembang.Kata kunci: Kebijakan reformasi ekonomi, Royal Forest Department (RFD), pulp dan industri kertas, Advance Agro, Siam Cement Group, manajemen

Malaysia : Feeding China's Expanding Demand for Wood Pulp

Malaysia has a total capacity pulp and paper production at over 1 million T/year. The country is a net importer of pulp, paper, and paper board, and progressively tends to decrease its dependency. However, the self-sufficiency is growing at a slow rate. All the paper mills of the country are small by the world industry standards, none producing more than 300 000 T/Year. The Malaysian government has identified this particular industry sector as one of the priority areas for investment in the second industrial master plan (IMP2). The strategy is to achieve a state of self sufficiency, to reduce import, and to encourage foreign capital inflow. The industry was one of the industries to survive the economic downturn resulting from the “Asian crisis” in 1997, as much as the softening of the economy following the September 11th, 2001 event. No paper mill was closed down or taken over by larger companies at these occasions. The paper mills survived by remaining small but efficient, while cutting the cost of production at the same time. The industry also managed to remain buoyant by focusing on niche markets at the national scale. The Malaysian pulp and paper industry is heavily dependant on imported fibre, particularly virgin pulp, and is also facing the need to find a new source of fibre to strengthen and retain the quality of secondary fibres as the use of recycled paper is growing in Malaysia. As for the other wood-based Malaysian industries, further development of integration of downstream activities is highly promoted. The utilisation of wood waste is promoted through the emphasis on R&D and technology improvements. Meanwhile, more forest plantation projects are planned to ensure a sufficient and steady source of fibre supply in the long run. Other sources of supply are non-wood materials, such as oil palm residues; Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) are also presented as alternatives to wood fibre.forest; tropical forest; pulp; paper; economy; Malaysia; trade; network; globalisation; China

Chemi-mechanical pulping of durian rinds

The physical, optical and mechanical characteristics of pulp and paper made from waste durian rinds as an alternative raw material for papermaking were investigated according to TAPPI and MS ISO standards. The durian rinds pulp was produced through chemi-mechanical pulping (CMP). Naturally dried durian rinds were treated with 10% Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) based on oven dry (o.d) weight of durian rinds in room temperature for 2 hours and pulped by the refiner mechanical pulping (RMP) process. Experimental results show that durian rinds have great potential characteristics as newly explored non-wood based raw material for pulp and paper industry

University of Maine Pulp & Paper Foundation Bylaws

The University of Maine Pulp and Paper Foundation recruits, financially supports and prepares talented engineering students to become the next great leaders in the pulp and paper industry, while also helping to meet the workforce needs of the industry. The oldest pulp and paper foundation in America and a pioneer of the first program in the country to study pulp and paper engineering, University of Maine Pulp and Paper Foundation was organized in 1950, and incorporated in 1953, as a non-profit corporation. The Foundation awards more than 100 full or partial tuition scholarships annually and are represented by the most alumni in the industry. Leading a partnership between the University of Maine, the paper industry, foundation alumni and aspiring engineering students. The UMaine Pulp and Paper Foundation is the bridge between academia, students and employers

ISO 14001 Certification and Environmental Performance in Quebec's Pulp and Paper Industry

This paper tests whether adopting the international norm ISO 14001 significantly impacts environmental performance in Quebec's pulp and paper industry. Using monthly data collected from 37 plants between 1997 and 2003, we show that: i) ISO certification does not lead to a reduction in total suspended solid emissions or the total quantity of rejected process water; ii) discharge of biological oxygen demand appears to be significantly lower in the first year following certification; iii) this latter impact does not appear to last beyond the one-year window. We further show that, contrary to the group of plants that did not adopt the ISO norm, the adopting plants did not experience a significant negative trend in emissions over our sample period.Environmental Management Systems, ISO 14001, Environmental Performance

Using Ex Post Data to Estimate the Hurdle Rate of Abatement Investments – An Application to the Swedish Pulp and Paper Industry and Energy Sector

We propose a method for estimating hurdlerates for firms' investments in pollution abatement technology, using expost data. The method is based on a structural option value model where thefuture price of polluting fuel is the major source of uncertainty facing thefirm. The econometric procedure is illustrated using a panel of firms fromthe Swedish pulp and paper industry, and the energy and heating sector from2000 to 2003. The results indicate a hurdle rate of investment of almost 3in the pulp and paper industry and almost 4 in the energy and heating sector.option value; fuel price uncertainty; carbon emissions abatement; price uncertainty; panel data